You know your lighting retrofit or energy efficiency project is saving you money, but did you know it can also generate a new revenue stream?

Imagine additional income without any additional risk or investment that could continue for up to four years. Within the PJM Interconnection, energy efficiency (EE) projects, originally done to reduce energy usage and maintenance costs, provide a payback and increase the profitability of the company – can now also serve as a source of additional revenue for your organization.

The PJM Capacity Market

PJM is the Regional Transmission Operator in Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, as well as parts of Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, and Tennessee. It is their responsibility, throughout those areas, to ensure that the electric grid has enough capacity to meet the demand for electricity.  To do this, PJM has developed the PJM Reliability Pricing Model (RPM).

The RPM is used to generate long-term pricing signals to capacity resources and Load Serving Entities (LSE) in a manner that is consistent with the PJM Regional Transmission Expansion Planning Process (RTEPP). Or more simply, it helps PJM determine where additional capacity is needed with respect to the electric transmission system, while also providing incentives for those need capacity resources to be developed.

Traditionally, electricity generators (nuclear, coal and natural gas fueled power plants) have been the primary participants, committing their electricity output to the grid through an auction process. In return, PJM has compensated these generators financially for their capacity commitments and the lights have stayed on.

But with fewer new power plants being constructed, older ones facing retirement, and certain planned transmission projects unable to get off the ground, grid congestion is not only a continuing threat but a growing one that can seriously impede the efficient distribution of electricity that Americans have come to expect.

To combat these circumstances that have left PJM with less generation resources to meet electricity demand plus the 15% reserve capacity they need, PJM has begun to reward those that help reduce electricity demand just as they would a generator supplying more electricity.  After all, a penny saved is a penny earned, right?  EE projects and Demand Response (DR) participants, both of which reduce electricity demand (EE does it permanently and DR for up to 6 hours), are now considered capacity resources by PJM and are therefore eligible to participate in the RPM and receive capacity payments.

What’s a Capacity Payment Worth?

So what is a capacity payment worth?  That really depends on many factors, such as what region of PJM you’re located in and the availability of capacity resources.  Recently, PJM capacity payments have ranged between $119/MW per day to $245/MW per day.  The following chart shows actual RPM Base Residual Auction results for a couple PJM zones (there are 26 total) and you can easily see the variance that occurs between zones on a yearly basis, and even the variance within a zone on a year-to-year basis.

RPM Auction – Base Residual Auction ($/MW per day)

Zonal Result	2012/2013	2013/2014	2014/2015	2015/2016	2016/2017
Zone	BRA	BRA	BRA	BRA	BRA
BGE (MAAC)	133.46	226.15	136.50	167.46	119.13
PS – North	162.67	245.09	225.00	167.46	219.00

Using the above numbers, an EE project that saves 100 kW per year, could generate $4,348 and $8,945 from PJM each year:

• 100 kW = Capacity eligible to bid
• $0.11913/kW day (Assuming $119.13/MW day RPM payments) x 365 = $43.48/kW per year
• $43.48 x 100 kW = $4,348.25 yearly capacity payment for project

EE projects can earn this income for up to 4 years from the time that the project is commissioned. Over the course of those 4 years, your 100 kW project could be worth over $17,000. A 1 MW EE project could generate between $43,000 and $89,000 from PJM each year.

• 1 MW = Capacity eligible to bid
• $119.13/MW day (Assuming $119.13/MW day RPM payments) x 365 = $43,482.45/MW per year
• $43,482.45 x 1 MW = $43,482.45 yearly capacity payment for project

Over the course of the 4 years an EE project is eligible for capacity payments, a 1 MW project could be worth over $170,000. This is money that you didn’t even know you had.

How You Can Begin Receiving this Revenue

The RPM, which has been used since 2007, successfully gains capacity commitments three years in advance. These commitments are received through multiple auctions that occur each year within each of PJMs 26 regions; helping to stabilize pricing signals, yet still allowing pricing to be locational. In order to begin receiving capacity payments for your EE project, you will need to participate through an RPM auction(s).

These auctions include a Base Residual Auction (BRA), which occurs each May and secures each regions capacity three years in advance, (the latest auction held was for 2016/2017) while establishing the compensation that capacity resources will receive for their commitments.  There can also be up to three incremental auctions per delivery year to account for adjustments in resource commitments.

Only those with PJM membership access, though, are able to participate in RPM auctions.  PJM also requires EE projects to take the following steps before they will accept their capacity bids in RPM auctions:

1. First you must submit an Initial Measurement and Verification (M&V) Plan to PJM.  The Initial M&V plan will identify existing facilities and what they will be replaced with; provide details on the project; describe energy and capacity savings, and develop an on-going monitoring program for the project.
2. You need to establish credit with PJM before you will be allowed to participate in the RPM auction.
3. Then an Energy Efficiency Resource Modification (EE MOD) can be submitted into the eRPM system.
4. An Initial Post-Installation M&V Report is submitted to PJM.  This will include results from audits and monitoring of the project.
5. You must permit PJM or an independent third party to conduct post-installation M&V audits.

Once these steps are completed your EE project will be able to bid into the RPM auction and you will be eligible to receive capacity payments. Refer to PJM Manual 18 and 18b for the details of this PJM program.

As you might expect, though, the efforts to get your project qualified for capacity payments is time consuming, has financial costs, comes with some risk, (remember you are participating in a market) and is time sensitive.  You can only receive payments for 4 years from the date of commission, so it becomes very important to be ready to bid your EE project into the capacity market as soon as possible to maximize your benefit.

To eliminate  the costs and risks and to ensure access to the PJM RPM, you can partner with a third party, such as Alternative Utility Services, Inc., which would split these proceeds equally with you for handling the complicated and onerous Energy Efficiency Capacity, RPM and monitoring processes as well as taking on the performance and market  risks.

Act now to maximize your revenue from this newly found income stream.

Alternative Utility Services, Inc. (AUS) and our partners work extensively with the PJM Reliability Pricing Model. Our energy professionals have helped our clients successfully bid developed Energy Efficiency projects into the RPM auction. AUS team members come from diverse backgrounds in the energy industry, allowing us to provide our clients with a comprehensive view of energy opportunities.